Our group is interested in the application of nanotechnology to biomedicine. These applications include nanotoxicology, multiple biomolecular binding, membrane dynamics, pain transduction, and degenerative retinal disease. We utilize a wide variety of biophysical and spectroscopic techniques in our research, including: fluorescence correlation and cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCS/FCCS), confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM).